The curious case of the pale tussock

Pale tussock caterpillar ©Lizzie Wilberforce

Hampshire’s gardens, hedgerows and woodland edges take on a special character in autumn, with berries ripening, fungi pushing up through damp soil and leaves beginning to turn.

Among this seasonal richness, one of the most eye-catching insects can often be found - the pale tussock caterpillar (Calliteara pudibunda). With its vivid colours and striking tufts of hair, this larva has an almost tropical appearance, standing out boldly against the fading greens of late summer and autumn vegetation. Despite its exotic look, it is a familiar part of the local landscape, thriving across much of southern England.

The adult moth is a large, grey species with extravagantly furry legs, often seen in May and June when males are drawn to lights at night. But it is the caterpillar, visible between July and October, that really turns heads. Bright green or yellow, with bold tufts of hair along its back, the pale tussock caterpillar looks almost too flamboyant to be real. The caterpillar has four dense, brush-like tufts on its back, ranging from creamy yellow to pinkish brown, and a distinctive tail-like tuft of reddish or brown hairs. When disturbed, it arches its body to reveal sudden flashes of black between the tufts, a dramatic warning display.

The caterpillars are not picky eaters. They feed on a wide range of broadleaved trees and shrubs, from oak, hazel, and birch to hawthorn, crab apple and blackthorn. Their unusual appearance once earned them the nickname ‘hop dogs,’ as they were frequently seen feeding on hop plants during the harvest. Their varied diet means they can thrive in many habitats across Hampshire, including gardens, hedgerows, parkland and woodland.

At this time of year, they can often be spotted wandering across the ground in search of a safe place to pupate. Once settled, they spin a hairy cocoon among leaves or in the soil, where they will remain through the winter months before emerging as moths the following spring.

The presence of species like the pale tussock illustrates the richness of Hampshire’s landscapes, where even the smallest creatures contribute to the region’s ecological character. Hampshire & Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust works to safeguard wild spaces, so that this diversity of local wildlife continues to thrive.